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Darden University of Virginia (USA)
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Basic Deal Structures
Frank, Mary Margaret; Hoffarth, AlexanderTechnical Note DARDEN-F-1862-EFinanceThis technical notes discusses three basic deal structures used to acquire another corporation. Asset acquisitions, stock acquisitions, and mergers under state law are the three common legal forms discussed.Starting at €8.20
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Differences between Financial Accounting and Tax for Valuation in M&A
Frank, Mary Margaret; Elmore, Frederick A.Technical Note DARDEN-C-2421-EAccounting and ControlThis technical note outlines the differences between financial accounting standards and tax law that affect the valuation of potential targets depending on the deal structure employed. Valuation models typically rely on financial accounting information to estimate the value of the deal; but tax laws, not financial accounting standards, affect the after-tax cash flows attributable to the deal. The note provides steps to determine a target’s tax b...Starting at €8.20
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Assessing Private Equity Performance
Chaplinsky, Susan; Loutskina, ElenaTechnical Note DARDEN-F-1895-EFinanceAssessing the performance of private equity (PE) and venture capital (VC) investment vehicles is a challenging task. It starts with the fact that the assets are privately held and illiquid. By contrast, PE valuations are determined in a vast open market populated largely by disinterested investors acting on publicly available information. As PE and VC have grown as asset classes, investors have pushed for greater disclosure and more standardizati...Starting at €8.20
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Convertible Notes: A Form of Early-Stage Financing
Chaplinsky, Susan; Becker, Joseph M.Technical Note DARDEN-F-1925-EFinanceConvertible notes are often used to raise early-stage financing for start-up companies, frequently due to their advantages related to delayed valuation, greater speed, and lower cost of completion compared to venture capital financing. As a result, there has been a large increase in the number of early-stage companies raising capital through convertible notes over the past decade. Investors have made this form of financing more available, believi...Starting at €8.20
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(Water) Public–Private Partnerships: The Economics
Debaere, Peter; Kapral, AndrewTechnical Note DARDEN-GEM-0183-EEconomicsWith frequent water main breaks, leaking pipes, and lead contamination, the water infrastructure of many countries is in bad shape, and improvements are urgent in light of climate change and increasing water stress. Discussion in recent years has focused on the role of private companies in a sector that has traditionally been in public hands. Since the privatization of the United Kingdom’s water infrastructure in the late 1980s, a whole range of ...Starting at €8.20
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1923: Hyperinflation in Germany
Bruner, Robert F.; De Notto, ChristopherTechnical Note DARDEN-F-1965-EFinanceIn the 1920s, Germany experienced one of the most severe episodes of hyperinflation in history. The episode originated in military defeat and revolution, produced instability that figured prominently in the onset of the Great Depression, and created policy dilemmas that present cautionary lessons for leaders in business and government. This note examines the causes, dynamics, and consequences of Germany’s hyperinflation in 1923. Hyperinflation i...Starting at €8.20
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Resolving Trade-Offs: From Simple Heuristics to Multicriteria Analysis
Baucells, ManelTechnical Note DARDEN-QA-0914-EDecision AnalysisThis note discusses a variety of methods to assist intuition in complex situations with multiple objectives and a potentially large set of alternatives. It begins with heuristic rules, which are relatively simple ways to sort out alternatives without thinking too much about trade-offs. After discussing the reliability of such rules, it moves to multicriteria analysis, which is a more rational method of balancing conflicting objectives.Starting at €8.20
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Understanding Risk: Systemic versus Idiosyncratic
Schill, Michael J.Technical Note DARDEN-F-1973-EFinanceUsing the fictional situation of two brothers facing the challenge of managing a commodity business in central Africa, this note explores different metrics for risk and related considerations for investors. The note considers measures of volatility, including the difference between systematic risk and idiosyncratic risk, and how diversification reduces idiosyncratic risk. The note uses these concepts to motivate the foundations of portfolio risk ...Starting at €8.20
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(I Think) I Know Why You Did That: The Risky Business of Inferring Intentions
Detert, James (Jim); Taubenfeld, BrittonTechnical Note DARDEN-OB-1348-ELeadership and People ManagementDespite the important role that assumptions about intentions play in our judgments of others’ actions and how we respond to these actions, most of us haven’t thought much about the accuracy of the inferences we make, the ways our decisions about “what he meant to do” or “why she did that” might be unintentionally biased, or the potential negative effects that result when inferences about intentions affect how we judge a behavior. Nor have we thou...Starting at €8.20
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Doing Business: A Managerial Perspective
Warnock, Francis E.; Begley, J. AsherTechnical Note DARDEN-GEM-0176-EEconomicsA government’s impact on the economy is not limited to taxes, spending, and monetary policy. As any manager can attest, regulations dramatically impact the way managers think about production. An effective regulatory environment will allow both new and exStarting at €8.20